The pyralid moth has bright yellowish forewings with a distinct black spot at the centre and hind wings straw coloured. Moths typically possess a protruded snout in addition to brownish yellow anal tuft of hairs. Larva is yellowish white with orange yellow head. Female moth lays 50 to 80 eggs in one bunch covered with buff coloured hairs and the incubation period is 5 to 8 days while larval period last for 21 to 42 days and pupal period is 6 to 10 days. Pupation occurs within the stem.
Adult is mosquito like and the female is with bright orange red abdomen, long legs while male is darker and comparatively smaller. Maggot is pale red in colour. The life cycle completes in 15 to 21 days with 3 to 4 days incubation period, 15 days larval period and 2 to 8 days pupal period with adult female fecundity of 100 to 200 eggs.
The adult is a small brownish orange coloured moth. The fore wings have two distinct dark wavy lines while a dark brown band present on outer margin of hind wing. Female lays eggs in small batches of 2 to 6 with an incubation period of 3 to 6 days and fecundity of 200 to 300 eggs. Larva is transparent with light coloured brown head. Larval period is 23 to 30 days and pupal period is 6 to 7 days.
The female deposits its egg on the lower part of the leaves or on the basal part of the plant near the water surface. It lays about 200 eggs during its lifetime. They are laid in mass of 40-60 eggs. The eggs are greenish when newly laid and will turn pink when mature. The eggs will hatch in 3-4 days. The nymph moults 4-5 times and passes 5 nymphal instars which are completed in 25-30 days. The adult is oval shaped brownish black measures about 8-9 mm long. The adults may survive throughout the period and between seasons by resting hidden and inactive in soil cracks, grassy areas.
Adults are brown to dark brown -ish with bleached and shiny wings. BPH has polymorphism with macropterous and brachy- pterous forms. Adults lay eggs in groups of 2 to 12 at the base of plant with a total fecundity of 300 to 350 eggs. The incubation period is 6 to 9 days. Nymphal period 10 to 18 days. Total life cycle is completed in 12 to 23 days. BPH is very common in October-November and again in March-April.
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